Ancient Periodic Table
In the periodic table, elements and atoms were known as different parts of matter. People also thought that 'elements' were fire, air, and water. Until scientists developed laws to discover different properties of elements.
Antoine Lavoisier was the fist to make a list of 33 elements in 4 categories in 1700's. He separated the metals and non-metals. He gave Oxygen and Hydrogen their names. He helped construct the metric system and discovered that, although matter may change its form or shape, it's mass always remains the same.
In the 1820's Jons Jakob Berzelius law, "The Law of Constant Proportions," developed a table of atomic weights, and introduced letters to symbolize elements. His discovery led to new elements. He found out lithium, vanadium, and several rare earths. His law established inorganic substances to bond together to form definite proportions by weight.
In 1864, John Newlands arranged the elements in the periodic table by atomic mass. Newlands discovered that the elements that are listed in order of increasing atomic weight, fall into 7 families that have similar chemical properties. He saw a pattern in which intervals of 7 elements separate elements with similar chemical properties. In 1864 Newlands published his version of the periodic table and proposed the Law of Octaves. This law stated that any given element will exhibit analogous behavior to the eighth element following it in the table.
In 1869 Meyer and Moseley discovered that their is a connection between atomic mass and their properties. Lothar Meyer based the periodic table of 56 elements on their properties in or order of atomic weight. They independently produced remarkably similar versions of the periodic table of elements at the essentially the same time.Lothar Meyer complied a table of 56 elements based on a regular repeating pattern of physical properties. Dmitri Mendeleev produced a periodic table based on atomic weights Meyer and Mendeleev worked independently because Meyer was more interested in their physical properties while Mendeleev was more into their chemical properties. Mendeleev left blank spaces open to add new elements that other scientists can establish.
Modern Periodic Table
The modern periodic table consists of 118 elements in boxes, each containing a name, atomic number, symbol, and atomic mass. The boxes are arranged increasing in atomic number into columns, called "groups," and rows called "periods." The modern periodic table also has a table of elements in 18 groups. Elements that are in the same group have the same chemical and physical properties because they have the same amount of outer electrons. There are three classifications of elements: non-metals, metals and metalloids. Which is why there are different shades of color on the periodic table.
Metalloids
Metalloids separate the metals and the non-metals. Some characteristics are: dull, malleable, and good conductor of heat and electricity. Chemical properties of metalloids are: To the right of the stairstep, elements gain electrons when bonding. To the left of the stairstep, elements lose electrons when bonding
Metals
Metals are to the left on the periodic table from Boron to Polonium. Some characteristics are: shiny, ductile and malleable. Chemical properties of metals are: Corrosion, React vigoriously with acids not bases, lose valence electrons to form ions when bonding, like to react with nonmetals.
Non-Metals
Non-metals are elements to the far right of the table. Hydrogen also acts as a non-metal. Some characteristics are: brittle, less dense and poor conductor of heat and electricity. Chemical properties of non-metals are: They like to react with metals and gain valence electrons to form ions when bonding.